下面是小编为大家整理的北约与核不扩散与裁军框架：第十届《不扩散核武器条约》审议会挑战,供大家参考。
Cont ents
Summary
2
1
Intr oduction
3
2
Bac k g r ound
5
3
N A T O
and
t he
NPT
8
4
N A T O:
t he
NPT
and
t he
TPNW
15
5
N A T O
and
t he
TPNW :
Legal
Issues
20
6
Conclusions
24
A bout
t he
A ut hor s
28
A c kno w ledg ments
29
Summary
•
The
10t h
fiv e-y ear l y
R evie w
Conf er ence
of
t he
P ar ties
t o
t he
T r eaty
on
t he
N on-Pr olif er ation of
N uclear
W eapons
(t he
NPT)
w as
due
t o
t ak e
place
in
April–Ma y
2020, but
has
been postponed
because
of
t he
C O VID-19
pandemic.
•
In
f or ce
since
1970
and
wit h
191
s t at es
parties,
t he
NPT
is
hailed
as
t he
cor ner s t one
of
a
r ules-based
int ernational
ar ms
contr ol and
non-pr olif er ation
r egime,
and
an
essential
basis f or
t he
pur suit
of
nuclear
disar mament.
But
successiv e
r evie w
conf er ences
hav e
been
r iv en
b y
disag r eement
be tw een
t he
fiv e
nuclear
w eapon
s t at es
and
man y
non-nuclear
w eapon
s t at es o v er
t he
appr opr iat e
w a y
t o
im plement
t he
tr eaty‟ s
nuclear
disar mament
pillar . •
Alt hough
t he
number
of
nuclear
w eapons
committ ed
t o
N A T O
defence
has
been
r educed
b y
o v er
90
per
cent
since
t he
dep t hs
of
t he
Cold
W ar , N A T O
nuclear
w eapon
s t at es,
and
t heir allies
t hat
depend
on
t he
doctr ine
of
e xt ended
nuclear
de t er r ence
f or
t heir
o wn
defence,
fa v our continued
r e t ention
of
t he
r emaining
nuclear
w eapons
until
t he
int ernational
secur ity
situation is
conduciv e
t o
fur t her
pr og r ess
on
nuclear
disar mament.
•
The
t es t
of
a
cons tr uctiv e
NPT
R evie w
Conf er ence
will
be
t he
e xt ent
t o
whic h
br oad
eng agement can
be
ac hiev ed
on
how
and
wher e
t o
find
common
g r ound
on
pr actical
w a y s
f or w ar d
f or nuclear
disar mament
during
t he
ne xt
fiv e-y ear
r evie w
cy cle.
In
t his
r eg ar d,
N A T O
allies
ar e lik el y
t o
pr omo t e
t he
US-led
Cr eating
an
En vir onment
f or
N uclear
Disar mament
(C END) pr ocess,
and
o t her
ne w
initiativ es
wit h
whic h
N A T O
member s
ar e
associat ed.
•
Though
no t
lik el y
t o
be
in
f or ce
b y
t he
time
of
t he
f or t hcoming
R evie w
Conf er ence,
t he
r ecent neg o tiation
of
t he
T r eaty
on
t he
Pr ohibition
of
N uclear
W eapons
(TPNW)
also
br ings
a
ne w dimension
t o
t he
debat e
on
how
bes t
t o
im plement
t he
NPT‟s
nuclear
disar mament
pillar . The
c halleng e
f or
t he
R evie w
Conf er ence
will
be
t o
ackno w ledg e
t hat
papering
o v er
t he diff er ences
inherent
in
t he
com pe ting
per spectives
on,
and
appr oac hes
t o,
nuclear
disar mament is
no t
a
desir able
w a y
of
marking
t he
firs t
half-century
of
t he
NPT . N or , mor e
im por t antl y , will
it
help
pa v e
t he
w a y
t o
a
calmer
g lobal
secur ity
en vir onment
in
whic h
t he
risks
of
bo t h
nuclear pr olif er ation
and
use
of
nuclear
w eapons
ar e
r educed
and
ultimat el y
eliminat ed.
1. Intr oduction
W e
s tr iv e
for
a
w or ld
fr ee
of
nuclear
w eapons
because
w e
kno w
t hese
w eapons
pose
a
uniq ue and
po t entiall y
e xis t ential
t hr eat
t o
our
plane t.
W e
kno w
an y
use
of
nuclear
w eapons
w ould be
a
humanit ar ian
cat as tr ophe.
UN
Secr e t AR y -Gener AL
Ant ónio
Gut er r es,
2019 1
The
ne xt
fiv e-y ear l y
r evie w
of
t he
1968
T r eaty
on
t he
N on-Pr olif er ation
of
N uclear
W eapons
(t he
N on-Pr olif er ation
T r eaty
–
NPT),
or iginall y
sc heduled
f or
April–Ma y
2020, has
been
postponed because
of
t he
C O VID-19
pandemic. 2
The
R evie w
Conf er ence,
when
cir cums t ances
allo w
it
t o
t ak e place,
will
be
t he
firs t
since
t he
adop tion
of
t he
T r eaty
on
t he
Pr ohibition
of
N uclear
W eapons
(TPNW) in
Jul y
2017. A
number
of
NPT
s t at es
parties,
among
t hem
t he
nuclear
w eapon
s t at es
and
mos t member s
of
t he
N or t h
A tlantic
T r eaty
Or g anization
(N A T O),
wit h
t he
e x cep tion
of
t he
N e t herlands, 3 c hose
no t
t o
participat e
in
t he
UN
conf er ence
t hat
adop t ed
t he
TPNW , r ejecting
or
casting
doubt
on
its
lik el y
efficacy
as
an
„eff ectiv e
measur e‟
f or
nuclear
disar mament
in
t er ms
of
t he
NPT . 4
Alt hough
t he
TPNW
has
no t
y e t
enter ed
int o
f or ce, 5
it
will
none t heless
loom
lar g e
o v er
t he
ne xt NPT
R evie w
Conf er ence.
This
is
because
t he
TPNW
has
serv ed
t o
under line
var ious
pressur e
points in
t he
NPT
t hat,
alt hough
no t
ne w , hav e
no t
pr eviousl y
been
q uit e
so
clear
cut.
While
NPT
parties ar e
some times
descr ibed
as
t he
nuclear
„ha v es ‟ 6
and
„ha v e
no ts ‟ , 7
a
sizeable
number
of
t he
latt er
ar e
milit ar il y
alig ned
t o
and
ar e
pr o t ect ed
b y
t he
nuclear
w eapons
of
t he
f or mer
under
a
so-called „nuclear
umbrella‟ . 8
1 Gut er r es,
A . (2019),
„Remar ks
at
Commemor ation
of
t he
Int ernational
Da y
f or
t he
T o t al
Elimination
of
N uclear
W eapons ‟ , 26
Sep t ember
2019, https://www .un.or g/sg/en/cont ent/sg/speec hes/2019-09-26/commemor ation-of-int-da y -f or -elimination-of-nuclear -w eapons-r emar ks (accessed
29
Oct.
2019).
2 The
10t h
NPT
R evie w
Conf er ence
w as
due
t o
t ak e
place
fr om
27
April
t o
22
May
2020, but
has
been
postponed
in
light
of
t he
C O VID-19 pandemic.
As
of
May
2020
it
had
no t
been
possible
t o
confirm
t he
ne w
dates
f or
t he
R evie w
Conf er ence:
in
lat e
April
t he
Pr esident-desig nat e of
t he
2020
NPT
R evie w
Conf er ence,
Gus t a v o
Zlauvinen,
announced
his
int ention
t o
seek
–
on
t he
ev entual
r esum p tion
of
activities
at
UN headq uar t ers,
if
t he
C O VID-19
situation
allo ws
it
and
if
no
alt er nativ e
dates
can
be
confir med
–
a
f or mal
decision
fr om
s t at es
par ties
t o
hold t he
R evie w
Conf er ence
fr om
4–29
Januar y
2021. F or
fur t her
de t ails,
see
UN OD A
(2020),
R evie w
Conf er ence
of
t he
P ar ties
t o
t he
T r eaty
on
t he
N on-Pr olif er ation
of
N uclear
W eapons
(NPT),
https://www .un.or g/en/conf er ences/n p t2020
(accessed
11
May
2020).
3 The
N e t herlands
w as
t he
onl y
N A T O
member
s t at e
t o
participat e
in
t he
neg o tiations
leading
t o
t he
adop tion
of
t he
TPNW . The
N e t herlands v o t ed
ag ains t
t he
adop tion
of
t he
T r eaty . See
also
t he
N or t h
A tlantic
Council‟ s
S t at ement
on
t he
TPNW :
N A T O
(2017),
„N or t h
A tlantic
Council S t at ement
on
t he
T r eaty
on
t he
Pr ohibition
of
N uclear
W eapons ‟ , 20
Sep t ember
2017, https://www .nat o.int/cps/en/natohq/ne ws_146954.htm (accessed
4
Mar . 2020).
4 Ar ticle
VI
of
t he
NPT
s tipulat es
t hat
par ties
will
„pursue
neg o tiations
in
g ood
fait h
on
eff ectiv e
measures
r elating
t o
cessation
of
t he
nuclear ar ms
r ace
at
an
ear l y
dat e
and
t o
nuclear
disar mament ‟ . 5 Ar ticle
15
of
t he
TPNW
s tipulat es
t hat
50
ins tr uments
of
r atification,
accep t ance,
appr o val
or
accession
ar e
r eq uir ed
f or
t he
tr eaty
t o
enter int o
f or ce.
As
of
May
2020, 37
s t at es
had
deposit ed
suc h
ins tr uments.
6 N umbering
fiv e
s t at es
(t he
P eople‟ s
R epublic
of
China,
F r ance,
Russia,
t he
UK
and
t he
US),
commonl y
r ef er r ed
t o
as
nuclear
w eapon
s t at es. S t at es
outside
t he
NPT
t hat
possess
or
ar e
believ ed
t o
possess
nuclear
w eapons
–
some times
diff erentiat ed
fr om
t he
NPT
nuclear
w eapon
s t at es b y
t he
t er m
nuclear -ar med
s t at es
–
ar e
t he
DPRK
(whic h
announced
its
wit hdr a w al
fr om
t he
NPT
in
2003),
India,
P akis t an
and
Isr ael.
7 185
non-nuclear
w eapon
s t at es.
8 Of
N A T O‟ s
P ar tnership
f or
P eace
(PfP)
pr og r amme,
A us tr ia
has
sig ned
and
r atified
t he
TPNW , and
Ir eland
has
sig ned
but
no t
y e t
r atified. PfP
countr ies
ma y
c hoose
individual
partnership
activities
on
whic h
t o
cooper at e
wit h
N A T O
outside
t he
nuclear
r ealm.
F or
ins t ance,
Ir eland partner s
wit h
N A T O
as
par t
of
its
PfP
member ship
in
ar eas
including
t he
pr o t ection
of
civilians,
as
w ell
as
t he
pr o t ection
of
c hildr en
in
ar med conflict.
See
Department
of
F or eig n
Affair s
and
T r ade,
„Ir eland
in
t he
P ar tnership
f or
P eace
Pr og r amme ‟ , https://www .dfa.ie/par tnership-f or - peace/ir eland-in-the-par tnership-f or -peace-pr og r amme/ (accessed
4
Mar . 2020).
�
Figur e
1.
S t atus
of
t he T r eaty
on
t he N on-Pr olifer ation
of
N uclear
W eapons
NATO
nuclear
weapon
states NATO
non-nuclear
weapon
states
3
Non-NATO
nuclear
weapon
states
27
Non-NATO
nuclear
umbrella
2
non-nuclear
weapon
states Withdrawal
3
1
Never
signed
the
NPT
4
Other
non-nuclear
weapon
155
Including
tw o
UN
non-member
s t at es/per manent
obser vers,
t he
Hol y
See
and
t he
S t at e
of
P ales tine.
P erspectives
of
member s
of
suc h
alliances
on
t he
one
hand,
and
pr oponents
of
t he
TPNW
on
t he
o t her , ar e
contr as t ed
in
t his
paper . P er cep tions
of
what
under pins
s tr at egic
s t ability
ar e,
in
effect,
com pe ting wit h
what
some
see
as
t he
humanit ar ian
imper ativ e
f or
t he
elimination
of
nuclear
ar ms. 9
In
an y
event, s tr ong
tr ibalism 10
associat ed
wit h
t hese
vie wpoints
has
wr eak ed
mis tr us t
and
misunder s t anding
in
nuclear
disar mament
f or ums.
The
upcoming
NPT
R evie w
Conf er ence
needs
t o
la y
t ...