下面是小编为大家整理的2021年美国重振全球经济政策重点（完整）,供大家参考。
MEMORANDUM
ON
S TRENG THENING
THE
US
EC ONOMY
T O FO S TER
REBUILDING
AND
REC O VER Y
T o:
Chair
of
the
C ouncil
of
E c onomic
A dvisers Fr om:
K aren
Dynan
Oct ober
2020
B ack gr ound:
Global
economic
activity
plunged
earlier in
2020
due
to
the fallout
fr om
the CO VID - 19
pandemic.
While mos t
countries
ha v e e xperienced
some
r eco v ery ,
the pace
at which
activity
is
picking
up
has
slo w ed
and
man y
e xperts
belie v e that
it could
be
y ears befor e conditions
fully
normalize .
Giv en
the immense
macroeconomic
and
human
cos ts associated
with
the situation
and
the political
instability
it gener ates ,
it is
imperativ e that the U S go v ernment
does
what
it can
to
support
a
r obus t
r eco v ery
in
this
country
and
abr oad. The
United
S tates
should
also
embr ace the opportunity
to
addr ess
challenges
that
w ere holding
back
economic
gro wth—at
the national
le v el,
the global
le v el,
and
the individual household
le vel— e v en
befor e the pandemic.
With these goals
in
mind,
this
memo
la ys
out
four
key
priorities
for
U S economic
policy . Some
ar e e xplicitly
linked
to
U S engagement
with
other countries;
others
ar e focused on
s tr engthening
the U S econom y
in
w a ys
that
can
fos ter U S leadership
of
r eco v ery
and
r ebuilding
ar ound
the w orld.
The
priorities
do
not
include
r educing
feder al
budget
deficits r elativ e to
those
pr ojected under
current laws .
Giv en
historically
lo w
inter es t
r ates ,
the accumulation
of
feder al
debt
is
not
one
of
the country ’ s
bigges t
economic
challenges; instead,
it is
sufficient
that
an y
incr ease
in
discr etionary
or
ongoing
feder al
spending
be accompanied
b y
incr eases
in
feder al
r e v enue .
In
k eeping
with
the tr aditional
and
appr opriate
r ole
of
the Council
of
Economic
A dvisers (CEA ), these r ecommendations
ar e based
on
sound
economics
r ather
than
political consider ations .
The
CEA
can
be
an
important
r esour ce
to
this
adminis tr ation
if
it engages with
leading
economis ts fr om
ar ound
the w orld
to
learn
about
successful
policies
in
other countries
and
brings
the bes t
e vidence
and
expert analysis
to
bear
on
policy
challenges .
PRIORITY
1:
S tr engthen
automa tic
fiscal
stabiliz ers
M ark et participants
expect that
inter es t
r ates
on
go v ernment
debt
in
man y
countries
will be
close
to
zer o
for
y ears ,
if
not
decades ,
to
come .
A ccor dingly,
centr al
banks
in
the United S tates ,
Eur ope ,
J apan,
and
elsewher e will
ha v e substantially
less
ability
to
spur
economic activity
b y
cutting
inter es t
r ates
than
they
ha v e had
in
the pas t
few
decades .
Although nontr aditional
forms
of
monetary
policy
can
fill
some
of
that
gap
in
r ecession- fighting
K aren
Dynan ,
nonresident senior
f ellow
a t
the P et erson
Institut e
f or Int erna tional
E c onomics, is pr ofes sor
of
the pr actic e jointly
a t
the Harv ar d K ennedy
School
and
the Department of
E c onomics a t
Harv ar d.
She
serv ed
as as sis tant secr etary f or
ec onomic
polic y
and chief
ec onomis t
a t
the US
Department of
the T r easury
fr om 20 14
t o
20 17 and
as a
senior
ec onomis t in
the C ouncil of
E c onomic A dvisers
fr om 200 3
t o 2004.
1750 Massachusetts Avenue,
NW
|
Washington,
DC
20036-1903
USA
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capacity ,
fiscal
policy
will
need
to
pla y
a
much
lar ger
r ole
no w
and
for
the foreseeable futur e .
In
the United
S tates
and
man y
other countries ,
fiscal
stimulus
during
periods
of economic
w eakness
has
been
too
small,
too
short -liv ed,
and
too
susceptible
to
short -term political
wr angling.
The
failur e to
pass
an
e xtension
of
the CARES
A ct
in
the las t
three months
demons tr ates
this
viscer ally.
Ther efor e ,
automatic
fiscal
s tabilizers
should
be significantly
e xpanded.
U S leadership
in
for ging
international
consensus
on
the importance
of
fiscal
s tabilizers and
in
adopting
s tr onger
s tabilizers
is
crucial.
P art of
that
leadership
in
the United
S tates
would
be
adopting
tax and
spending
rules
that
ar e e xplicitly
linked
to
economic
conditions . F or
e x ample ,
indexing
payr oll
tax r ates
to
s tate-le v el unemployment
r ates
would
be
both feasible
and
effectiv e .
The
United
S tates
would
benefit
dir ectly
fr om
other go v ernments’ impro ving
their automatic
s tabilizers .
Consider
the economic
benefits
to
the U S and
the w orld
economies
if
automatic
s tabilizers
r ather
than
prematur e aus terity
had
guided
fiscal policy
in
J apan
betw een
1998
and
2000
and
in
German y
betw een
2010
and
2012 .
Global growth
would
ha v e been
s tr onger ,
and
it would
ha v e been
mor e balanced
than
what
actually occurr ed,
with
U S households
being
the consumers
of
las t
r esort.
PRIORITY
2:
Bring
US
tax a tion
of
multina tional
c ompanies
mor e
in
line
with that
of
other
adv anced
ec onomies
Despite
significant
changes
in
U S business
tax rules
in
201 7 ,
the United
S tates’
current tax tr eatment
of
business
income
r emains
out
of
line
with
the tr eatment
in
man y
other adv anced
economies ,
does
not
collect enough
r e v enue
to
support
needed
go v ernment spending ,
and
does
not
fos ter efficiency
and
fairness .
F or
a
number
of
y ears ,
man y
economis ts ha v e adv ocated
a
combination
of
e xpensing
of
in v estment
cos ts and
eliminating the deductibility
of
inter es t
e xpenses;
that
combination
would
tr eat
differ ent kinds
of in v estments
mor e equally
and
r educe
financial
risk.
A dopting
that
combination
would
also enable
an
incr ease
in
the U S corporate
tax r ate ,
which
would
bring
it mor e in
line
with
r ates of
other countries
and
r aise
needed
r e v enue .
M oreo v er ,
concerted
international
efforts
to
r educe
companies’
ability
to
shift
pr ofits
to
lo w er-tax ed
locations
would
both
r educe dis tortions
to
efficiency
and
incr ease
go v ernment
r e v enue .
PRIORITY
3:
Increase
US
infr as tructure
in v es tment
Infr as tructur e in v estment
in
the United
S tates
no w
r epresents
a
smaller
percentage
of
GDP than
in
mos t
y ears
of
the pas t
half
century ,
and
the quality
of
U S infr as tructur e is
declining r elativ e to
that
of
other countries .
This stinting
of
in v estment
is
short - sighted
fr om
the perspectiv e of
U S output
and
income ,
and
it discourages
for eign
in v estment
and
tr ade
in the United
S tates .
With inter es t
r ates
at
historically
lo w
le v els ,
the case
for
a
significant incr ease
in
infr as tructur e spending
is
compelling .
I t
will
be
important,
ho w e v er ,
to
focus additional
spending
on
pr ojects that
yield
significant
r eturns
(no
“bridges
to
no wher e”)
and to
fund
maintenance
and
r epair
of
exis ting
capital
r ather
than
focusing
solely
on
flash y
new pr ojects .
Also,
who
builds
U S infr as tructur e is
less
important
than
getting
what
is
needed built
and
getting
v alue
fr om
the dollars
the United
S tates
spends .
A ccor dingly,
the United S tates
should
allo w
competitiv e bidding
for
construction,
installation,
and
maintenance
of non-security - sensitiv e parts
of
U S infr as tructure;
the United
S tates
should
also
insis t
that for eign
go v ernments
allo w
the same
opportunity
for
U S firms .
PRIORITY
4:
S tr engthen
US
social
pr ogr ams
The
consequences
of
the pandemic
for
employment,
income ,
and
w ell-being
of
American families
ha v e highlighted
pr eexis ting
w eaknesses
in
U S economic
and
social
sys tems .
Enabling
lo w er -
and
middle -income
American
families
to
thriv e in
the postpandemic
w orld is
necessary
in
moral
terms
and
also
for
achie ving
gr eater social
and
political
stability .
S uch stability
will
mak e the United
S tates
a
mor e desirable
partner
and
a
mor e effectiv e leader for
other nations .
A ppr opriate
changes
include
pro viding
mor e comprehensiv e health insur ance ,
making
other benefits
mor e portable ,
incr easing
pr otections
for
w ork ers ,
and giving
children
in
lo w er -income
families
a
better chance to
succeed
economically .
ACTIONABLE
T O-DO
LIS T :
• Engage
with
leading
economis ts fr om
ar ound
the w orld
to
learn
about
successful policies
in
other countries
and
bring
the bes t
e vidence
and
expert analysis
to
bear
on U S policy
challenges .
• E xpand
automatic
fiscal
s tabilizers
and
mak e them
mor e effectiv e b y
legislating
triggers for
starting
and
stopping
that
ar e e xplicitly
linked
to
economic
conditions .
• A dopt
specific
changes
to
bring
the U S corporate
tax r ate
mor e in
line
with
the r ates
of other countries
and
r aise
needed
r e v enue .
• Incr ease
infr as tructur e spending ,
focusing
on
pr ojects that
yield
significant
r eturns , including
maintenance
and
r epair
of
exis ting
public
capital.
• Pr o vide
mor e comprehensiv e health
insur ance ,
mak e other benefits
mor e portable , incr ease
pr otections
for
American
w ork ers ,
and
fund
programs
that
will
giv e children in
lo w er -income
American
families
a
better chance to
succeed
economically .
MEMORANDUM
ON
PRIORITIES
FOR
20 21
EC ONOMIC
T ALKS WITH
CHINA
T o:
T he
Chair
of
the
US
Delega tion
for
Bila teral
E c onomic
T alks
with
China Fr om:
Nicholas
R.
Lar dy
Oct ober
2020
B ack gr ound:
Economic
negotiations
with
China
mus t
be
a
component
of
a
consis tent o v er all
s tr ategy
to
promote
U S inter es ts ,
r ather
than
one
ele...
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