下面是小编为大家整理的COVID-19大流行对独立新闻媒体巨大和不平等影,响（范文推荐）,供大家参考。
C o nt ents
About the
A utho rs
6 K ey
Findings
7
Intr oduction
8 Da ta
and
Methodology
10
Findings
13
C ase
Pr ofiles
1 9 C o nclusio n
27
R efer enc es
29
About
the
A utho rs
THE
REUTERS
INS TITUTE
FOR
THE
S TUD Y
OF
JO URNALISM
Rasmus
Kleis
Nielsen
is
the
Direct o r
of
the
R eut ers
Institut e
fo r
the
S tud y
of
J ourna lism
and Pr ofesso r
of
P olitica l
C o mmunica tio n
a t
the
University of
O xfo r d.
F ederica
Cherubini
is
the
Head
of
Leadership
Dev elop ment
a t
the
R eut ers
Institut e
fo r
the
S tud y of
J ournalism.
Simge
Andı
is
a
R esear ch F ello w a t
the
R eut ers
Institut e
fo r
the
S tud y
of
J ournalism.
FE W
WINNERS ,
MANY
L O SERS:
THE
C O VID - 1 9 P ANDEMIC ’ S
DRAMA TIC
AND
UNEQ UAL
IMP A CT
ON
INDEPENDENT
NE W S
MEDIA
K ey
Findings
T his
r epo rt
p r esents
findings fr o m
an
ana l ysis
of
165
r esponses
t o
a
surv ey
of
a
str a t egic
sample of
known and
identified
independent ne ws
media o r g anisa tio ns
o n
how the
C OVID- 1 9 pandemic has
impact ed
them, c o mbined with
int ervie ws
with
a
critica l
sample
of
se v en
independent ne ws
media o per a ting
in
middle
inc o me c ountries with
so me o r
significant limita tio ns
o n
media fr eedo m
acro ss
the
globe.
T he
bulk
of
the
surv ey
r esponses
wer e
c ollect ed
fr o m
J une
t o
A ugust 2020 .
K ey
findings include:
• A udienc e
r each
up fo r
mo st:
a
clear majo rity
of
independent ne ws
media who r espo nded t o
our
surv ey
sa y
tha t
their
o v er a ll
a udienc e
r each
has
incr eased
during the
C OVID- 1 9 crisis, though a lmo st
a
fifth
of
r espo ndents (p rimaril y
p rint
ne wspapers )
r epo rt
tha t
their
o v er a ll a udienc e
r each
has
declined.
• R ev enues
do wn fo r
mo st:
22%
of
r espo ndents expect
a
significant (1–20%)
dr o p in
their 2020
r evenues,
21%
a
v ery
significant (21–30%)
dr o p ,
and
w o rryingl y
mo r e
than
a
thir d (36%)
se v er e
dr o p s
of
30% o r
mo r e.
14%
of
r espo ndents r epo rt
the y
expect
sta ble o r
ev en gro wing r ev enues
in
2020 .
• V aria ble impact: amo ng
our
r espo ndents,
c o mmer cia l
ne ws
media ar e
har dest
hit
b y
the crisis,
especia ll y
tho se
tha t
ar e
adv ertising -based,
as
w ell
as
ne wspapers
and
loca l
media. T hese
ar e
parts of
the
ne ws
industry
oft en
a lr eady
se v erel y
cha llenged b y
the
mo ve
t o
a digita l,
mobile, and
pla tfo rm-domina t ed
media en vir o nment.
• Who
ar e
doing
w ell?
T he
r espo ndents who expect
sta ble o r
ev en
gro wing r ev enues
ar e oft en
sma ller
o nline
newsroo ms,
so me of
them
non-p r ofits. While typica ll y
sma ller
than the
tr aditio na l
mainsta ys
of
the
industry ,
these
independent ne ws
media oft en
in v est
a far
lar ger
shar e
of
their
o per a ting
c o st
in
their
newsroo m. (See
the
case
studies
fo r
mo r e details o n
how so me such
o r g anisa tio ns
ar e
na vig a ting
the
crisis.)
• Wha t
kind
of
sup po rt
w ould
be
beneficia l?
T he
most
widel y
named kinds
ar e
funding sup po rt
(84%),
p r oduct
de v elop ment
and
inno v a tio n
sup po rt
(61%),
and
t echnica l
tr aining in
digita l
media skills (39%).
(See
the
case
studies
fo r
mo r e
details o n
different
perspectiv es o n
wha t
sup po rt
c ould
help .)
• Wha t
is
the
single
most
impo rtant
kind
of
sup po rt
sought?
F unding sup po rt
is
named most impo rtant
b y
65%
of
r espo ndents.
(See
the
case
studies
fo r
details o n
fr equent r equests
fo r lo ng -t erm
in v estment
r a ther
than
p r oject funding and
sma ll
cash
gr ants.)
Intr oduction
THE
REUTERS
INS TITUTE
FOR
THE
S TUD Y
OF
JO URNALISM
T he
globa l
c o r o na virus pandemic and
gov ernment
r esponses
t o
it
has
had
a
dr ama tic
impact
o n independent ne ws
media acro ss
the
w o rld.
T he
crisis
has
p r ovided
a
po w erful
r eminder of
how c entr a l
ne ws
o r g anisa tio ns
ar e
t o
helping peo ple sta y
info rmed, especia ll y
in
difficult
and
unc ertain
times
(as
document ed
b y
r esear ch including e.g .
Nielsen
et
a l. 2020),
and
a
multitude
of
impo rtant
in v estig a tio ns
ha ve
illustr a t ed the
r ole p r ofessiona l
journalists pla y
in
holding gov ernments and
others t o
acc ount
fo r
how the y handle the
crisis
and
so metimes try
t o
mislead the
public
a bout
wha t
the y
ar e
and
ar e
not
doing .
But
the
crisis
has
a lso
impact ed
independent ne ws
media,
with
so me gov ernments using
the pandemic as
an
excuse
fo r
further
cr ack downs
o n
journalists (as
document ed
b y
e.g .
UNESC O 2020),
and
with
the
c o nsequenc es
of
the
ec o no mic
do wnturn
leading
so me t o
fear a
‘media extinction
ev ent’
(Silv erman 2020).
T o
bett er understand the
impact
C OVID- 1 9 has
had
o n
independent ne ws
media,
the
R eut ers Institut e
fo r
the
S tud y
of
J ourna lism
a t
the
University of
O xfo r d has
w o rk ed
with
members of
the Independent Ne ws
E mer gency
R elief C oo r dina tio n
(INER C )
t o
c ollect
da ta
fr o m
acro ss
the
globe.
T he
surv ey
r esponses
c ollect ed
and
int ervie ws
c o nduct ed
fo r
this
r epo rt
paint
a
grim
pictur e, though one
with
impo rtant
exc eptio ns
and
nuanc es.
Our sample
of
r espo ndents is
not r ep r esenta tiv e,
and
should thus
be
tr ea t ed
with
car e,
but
if
the
o r g anisa tio ns
c o v er ed
her e
ar e indica tiv e
of
the
wider situa tio n
in
the
globa l
ne ws
industry ,
ne wspapers
a lo ne
ar e
looking a t
a
lo ss tha t
c ould
amount
t o
a
decline of
thirty
billio n
dollars in
expect ed
r ev enues
in
2020 .
S uch a
dr o p w ould
ha ve
dr ama tic
c o nsequenc es
fo r
the
number
of
journalists emplo y ed,
especia ll y
a t
the
loca l le v el and
in
poo r er c o mmunities
and
c ountries. 1
A t
the
same
time,
w e
a lso
find
in
both
our
surv ey and
in
int ervie ws,
tha t
a
significant mino rity
of
independent ne ws
media ar e
finding a
w a y
thr ough the
crisis,
and
so me,
oft en
sma ller
and
medium-siz e
o nline
newsroo ms,
ha ve
seen
sta ble o r
ev en gro wing r evenues.
INER C
w as
a
t empo r ary
initia tiv e
start ed
in
Ma y
2020
tha t
r an
fo r
six
months
t o
help and
sup plement the
impo rtant
w o rk
done
b y
others t o
c oo r dina t e
media funding and
media de v elop ment
b y :
• C ollecting
da ta
t o
identif y
ar eas
of
gr ea t est
need
fr o m
independent ne ws
media acro ss
the w o rld, including both
fo r -p r ofit
and
non-p r ofit,
but
ex cluding gov ernment -c o ntr olled
and sta t e-o wned
media.
• O n
this
basis,
advising
funders as
t o
wher e
the y
can
mak e
the
gr ea t est
po ssible
differ enc e.
• Pr oviding
o ptio na l
o v er a ll
guidelines
fo r
tho se
c onsidering
offering t o
p r ovide
funding help fo r
independent ne ws
media during the
c o r o na virus crisis.
F ounding members of
INER C
wer e
BBC
Media
A ctio n,
the
C ent er fo r
Int erna tio na l
Media Assistanc e,
F ac ebook,
Globa l
F o rum
fo r
Media
Dev elopment, Google,
J ohn D .
and
C a therine
T . MacArthur
F ounda tio n,
L umina t e,
W AN-IFRA,
and
the
Wo rld
Associa tio n
of
Ne ws
Publishers. Since
the
initia tiv e
start ed
in
Ma y
2020 ,
the
follo wing additio na l
members joined: Bill
&
Melinda 1
T he
moda l
expected
dr o p in
2020 r e venues
amo ng
our r espo ndents is
20–30%,
and
mo r e
than
a
thir d of our r espo ndents expect a
bigger
dr o p than
this. J udging
fr o m
W AN-IFRA ’ s
estima t ed
globa l
newspaper
industry r e venues,
a
20% dr o p in
t ota l
industry r e venues
would amount
t o
a bout
30 billio n dollars globa ll y .
FE W
WINNERS ,
MANY
L O SERS:
THE
C O VID - 1 9 P ANDEMIC ’ S
DRAMA TIC
AND
UNEQ UAL
IMP A CT
ON
INDEPENDENT
NE W S
MEDIA
Ga t es
F ounda tio n,
Democr acy
F und,
Euro pean
J ourna lism
C entr e,
Int erna tio na l
C ent er fo r J ourna lists,
Int erna tio na l
Wo men ’s
Media
F ounda tio n,
and
O pen
Society
F ounda tio ns:
Pr ogr am o n
Independent J ournalism. Meedan
is
a
sup po rting
partner
of
the
p r oject. INER C
w as
chair ed
b y
Pr ofesso r
Rasmus
Kleis
Nielsen,
the
Direct o r
of
the
R eut ers
Institut e
fo r
the
S tud y
of
J ourna lism
a t the
University of
O xfo r d,
the
lead
a utho r
of
this
r epo rt.
All
da ta
fo r
the
p r oject w as
c ollect ed
b y
the
R eut ers
Institut e,
and
o nl y
select
details wer e
–
with explicit
permissio n
fr o m
r espo ndents –
shar ed
with
INER C
members.
All
decisions
a bout
the INER C
r esear ch wer e
ta k en
b y
the
R eut ers
Institut e.
THE
REUTERS
INS TITUTE
FOR
THE
S TUD Y
OF
JO URNALISM
Da ta and
Methodology
T his
r epo rt
is
based
o n
tw o
different
kinds
of
da ta.
First,
r esponses
t o
the
INER C
surv ey ,
distribut ed b y
members of
the
INER C
gr oup t o
independent ne ws
media acro ss
the
globe.
Sec o nd,
a
set
of
int ervie ws
with
a
sma ll
critica l
selectio n
of
independent ne ws
media who ha ve
shar ed
mo r e details a bout
how the y
ar e
na vig a ting
the
c o r o na virus crisis.
T he
INER C
surv ey
w as
a
surv ey
of
ne ws
media o r g anisa tio ns
specifica ll y
and
focused
ex clusiv el y o n
how the
pandemic has
impact ed
a udienc e
r each,
business
models,
r evenues,
and
wha t
kinds
of
sup po rt
might
be
helpful.
It
sup plements other
impo rtant
effo rts
underw a y
else wher e t o
understand the
impact
o n
individua l
journalists and
wider issues
including advocacy , de v elopment, and
polic y .
T he
INER C
surv ey
w as
a
r olling
surv ey
fielded ex clusiv el y
...
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